Figure 1.
A framework shows how tourism development dimensions, including enabling environment, policy, infrastructure, resources, and sustainability, influence human development outcomes of health, education, and income.The diagram links tourism development to human development outcomes. Tourism development includes five pillars: enabling environment dimension (F E D), tourism policy and enabling environment dimension (T P E E D), infrastructure and services dimension (I S D), tourism resources dimension (T R D), and tourism sustainability dimension (T S D). These collectively contribute to human development outcomes as defined by U N D P H D I, specifically health, education, and income.

Conceptual framework

Source: Authors’ own work (2025)

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