Figure 1
The vertical axis is labeled “Degree of earnings management” and divides the matrix into two rows. The row at the top is labeled “HIGH” and the row at the bottom is labeled “LOW”. The horizontal axis is labeled “Degree of impression management” and divides the matrix into two columns. The column on the left is labeled “LOW” and the column on the right is labeled “HIGH”. From top to bottom, the row-wise entries in the matrix are as follows: Row 1, column 1: High Degree of earnings management, Low Degree of impression management: Biased Representation, Q 3. Row 1, column 2: High Degree of earnings management, High Degree of impression management: Lied Representation, Q 4. Row 2, column 1: Low Degree of earnings management, Low Degree of impression management: Relevant and Faithful Representation, Q 1. Row 2, column 2: Low Degree of earnings management, High Degree of impression management: Illusory Representation, Q 2.Impression and earnings management matrix. Source: Authors’ own work