Figure 1
The horizontal axis is labeled “Year” and ranges from 2002 month 1 through 2022 month 1 in increments of 5 units with each year representing only month 1. The vertical axis labeled “G P R” ranges from 0 to 400 in increments of 100 units. The graph consists of a line that shows two distinct peaks and heavy fluctuations throughout its course. It starts at (2002 month 1, 173.32), shows distinct peaks at (2003 month 5, 360), and (2022 month 1, 320.24), and ends at (2023 month 1, 134.84). The fluctuations range between the G P R value of 61.38 and 208.3. Note: All numerical data values are approximated.Global geopolitical risk index. This figure depicts the monthly global GPR index (Caldara and Iacoviello, 2022) from 2002 to 2022. Source: Authors own work