Figure 3
The diagram shows a central text box labeled “Associated Challenges”. This central text box connects with four surrounding text boxes using outward arrows labeled “Link to”. The text box on the upper left is labeled “Cost Barriers”, the text box on the upper right is labeled “Technical Barriers”, the text box on the lower left is labeled “Enforcement and Compliance”, and the text box on the lower right is labeled “Policy Challenges”. “Cost Barriers” is positioned on the upper left and connects to four text boxes placed around it with outward arrows labeled “Link to”. These four text boxes are labeled as follows: Text box 1: “High implementation costs”. Text box 2: “Maintenance expenses”. Text box 3: “Limited insurance coverage”. Text box 4: “Budget constraints affecting monitoring”. “Technical Barriers” is positioned on the upper right and connects to five text boxes with outward arrows labeled “Link to”. These text boxes are labeled as follows: Text box 5: “Material availability issues”. Text box 6: “Geographic and topographic variations”. Text box 7: “Construction difficulties”. Text box 8: “Soil type limitations (for example: Auckland’s clay)”. Text box 9: “Space constraints in urban areas”. “Enforcement and Compliance” is positioned on the lower left and connects to four text boxes with outward arrows labeled “Link to”. These text boxes are labeled as follows: Text box 10: “Limited monitoring resources”. Text box 11: “Difficulty tracking unauthorized changes”. Text box 12: “Complaint-based detection systems”. Text box 13: “Challenge of managing numerous individual properties”. “Policy Challenges” is positioned on the lower right and connects to four text boxes with outward arrows labeled “Link to”. These text boxes are labeled as follows: Text box 14: “Balance between development needs and environmental protection”. Text box 15: “Existing use rights complications”. Text box 16: “Terminology inconsistencies in regulations”. Text box 17: “Conflicts between central and local government”. Each textbox has a diamond-shaped icon in front of its label.Associated challenges to impervious area reduction techniques. Source: Authors' own work