Figure 5
The diagram shows a central text box labeled “Monitoring and Compliance”. This central text box connects with two vertically aligned surrounding text boxes using double-headed arrows, each arrow labeled “is associated with”. The text box at the top is labeled “Monitoring Infrastructure”, and the text box at the bottom is labeled “Compliance Management”. “Monitoring Infrastructure” connects to three surrounding text boxes with individual outward arrows labeled “Link to”. These three text boxes are labeled “System Performance”, “Data Collection”, and “Monitoring Systems”. The text box labeled “System Performance” is positioned on the upper left of “Monitoring Infrastructure” and connects to four text boxes placed to its left with individual outward arrows. From top to bottom, these four text boxes are labeled as follows: Text box 1: “Coverage effectiveness”. Text box 2: “Data accuracy”. Text box 3: “Monitoring gaps”. Text box 4: “System limitations”. The text box labeled “Data Collection”, positioned at the upper center, connects upward to four text boxes with outward arrows. These four text boxes are labeled as follows: Text box 5: “Performance metrics”. Text box 6: “Quality assessments”. Text box 7: “Surface change monitoring”. Text box 8: “Consent tracking”. The text box labeled “Monitoring Systems”, positioned at the upper right of “Monitoring Infrastructure”, connects upward to four text boxes with outward arrows. These four text boxes are labeled as follows: Text box 9: “Aerial photography analysis”. Text box 10: “Complaint-based mechanisms”. Text box 11: “Site inspection processes”. Text box 12: “Compliance tracking”. Below the central text box, “Compliance Management” connects to two surrounding text boxes with outward arrows labeled “Link to”, one placed directly below and one placed to the right. These two text boxes are labeled as “Verification Methods” and “Enforcement Mechanisms”. “Verification Methods” connects to four text boxes placed to its left with individual outward arrows. These four text boxes are labeled as follows: Text box 13: “Final compliance verification”. Text box 14: “Pre-construction checks”. Text box 15: “Ongoing assessments”. Text box 16: “Development monitoring”. “Enforcement Mechanisms” connects to four surrounding text boxes with outward arrows. These four text boxes are labeled as follows: Text box 17: “Regulatory compliance”. Text box 18: “Violation tracking”. Text box 19: “Maintenance requirements”. Text box 20: “Long-term enforcement”. Each textbox has a diamond-shaped icon in front of its label.Monitoring and compliance framework. Source: Authors' own work