Figure 2
A paradox matrix showing how well intended organizational practices meant to promote knowledge sharing can result in counterproductive behaviors.A structured table presents multiple rows with three columns. The first column lists first-order factors such as intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, job security, career competition, team culture, trust, and leadership behaviour. The second column shows second-order factors that correspond to the first-order factors. These include items like fear of losing status, perceived job insecurity, lack of team trust, and toxic leadership, placed at individual, team, or organisational levels. The third column assigns each row to one of four aggregate dimensions: knowledge sharing, knowledge hoarding, knowledge hiding, or knowledge sabotage. All rows are complete, and the table contains no blank cells or merged entries. The format flows from top to bottom, aligning each set of factors with one aggregate type. There is no bold or coloured text, and all data is presented in a uniform style.

Paradox matrix of knowledge behavior dynamics

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