Figure 2.
A line graph shows publication trends from 2013 to 2024 across five cost-related research topics in construction and energy design.The line graph presents the number of publications for five research topics across the years 2013 to 2024. The horizontal axis is labelled year of publication and spans from 2013 to 2024. The vertical axis is labelled number of publications and ranges from 0 to 60 in intervals of 10. Each of the five lines represents a specific topic: technology and methods for cost data, cost estimation data management and methods, project cost data processes methods and management, energy design and use cost management, and cost data ontology. The lines follow yearly publication counts with some showing gradual increases, others remaining relatively stable or fluctuating. Dotted line segments beyond 2023 suggest projected values for future research outputs. A legend on the right matches each topic with its corresponding line style and shade, allowing for clear distinction between research areas.

Temporal evolution of publications across identified topics (2013–2024)

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