Figure 2.
This flowchart presents a structured analysis of dark patterns and their associations with violations of communication maxims. The left side highlights three types of dark patterns, namely scarcity and sneaking, with quantitative associations denoted by numerical values, some marked with asterisks indicating significance levels. The central part of the diagram conveys the relationship between these dark patterns and perceived customer manipulation, while also illustrating specific violations such as quality, quantity, clarity, and relevance maxims. The right side outlines the consequences of perceived customer manipulation, which includes arrows leading to purchase intention and loyalty intention, each accompanied by numerical coefficients reflecting their interrelations. The diagram uses directional arrows to indicate flow, with varied levels of significance represented by asterisks.Results of hypothesis testing
Note(s): *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001; n.s. = not significant
Source: Authors’ own work