Figure 4
Detailed component diagrams show bottom and side components with labelled spaces, ports, and milling features.The diagram compares bottom and side component layouts with technical details. The bottom component highlights a third port, radial connections to ports, component space, accessory space, and a designated actuator space. The side component diagram shows ports, milled channels, milled cavity for the valve, component space, accessory space, and minimum wall thickness, emphasising how the valve integrates into the structure.

Definition of the 3D interface of a cartridge valve with three ports and the corresponding 2D representation for use as (a) a bottom component and (b) a side component

Source: Authors’ own work

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