Figure 5
The center of the figure shows a right-pointing arrow originating from a small cloud-shaped icon containing a value in the middle, leading to a box labeled “Direct Production Cost”. The value at the middle of the arrow is labeled “Direct Production Cost (Rate)”. Surrounding this central arrow, six arrows are shown. At the top right, a left-pointing arrow is shown originating from a small cloud-shaped icon containing a value in the middle, leading to a box labeled “Material Cost”. The value at the middle of the arrow is labeled “Material Cost (Rate)”. Surrounding this arrow, five circular nodes are present, with arrows pointing toward this value. These nodes are labeled “Reinforcement”, “Formwork”, “Concreting”, “Miscellaneous”, and “Finishing”. At the center right, a right-pointing arrow is shown originating from a small cloud-shaped icon containing a value in the middle, leading to a box labeled “Total Profit or Loss”, accompanied by a plus or minus sign. The value at the middle of the arrow is labeled “Profit or Loss Rate”. At the bottom right, a left-pointing arrow is shown originating from a small cloud-shaped icon containing a value in the middle, leading to a box labeled “Factory Overhead Cost”. The value at the middle of the arrow is labeled “Factory Overhead Cost (Rate)”. Surrounding this arrow, three circular nodes are present, with arrows pointing toward this value. These nodes are labeled “Management Team (Salary)”, “Fixed Factory Overhead”, and “Drawing and Certificates”. At the bottom center, a right-pointing arrow is shown originating from a small cloud-shaped icon containing a value in the middle, leading to a box labeled “Indirect Cost”. The value at the middle of the arrow is labeled “Indirect Cost (Rate)”. At the bottom left, a left-pointing arrow is shown originating from a small cloud-shaped icon containing a value in the middle, leading to a box labeled “Transport and Logistics Cost”. The value at the middle of the arrow is labeled “Transportation and Logistics Cost (Rate)”. Surrounding this arrow, three circular nodes are present, with arrows pointing toward this value. These nodes are labeled “Loading Cost”, “Transportation (Components)”, and “Material Procurement and Delivery”. At the top center left, a left-pointing arrow is shown originating from a small cloud-shaped icon containing a value in the middle, leading to a box labeled “Labour Cost”. The value at the middle of the arrow is labeled “Labour Cost (Rate)”. Surrounding this arrow, five circular nodes are present, with arrows pointing toward this value. Two circular nodes labeled “Formwork (Normal Cost)” and “Formwork (Overtime)” are shown at the left. From both these circular nodes, an arrow arises and points toward “Total Formwork Labour Cost”. Two circular nodes labeled “Reinforcement (Normal Cost)” and “Reinforcement (Overtime)” are shown, and arrows arise and point toward “Total Reinforcement Labour Cost”. Two circular nodes labeled “Finishing (Normal Cost)” and “Finishing (Overtime)” are shown with arrows pointing toward “Total Finishing Labour Cost”. Two circular nodes labeled “Concreting (Normal Cost)” and “Concreting (Overtime)” are shown with arrows pointing toward “Total Concreting Labour Cost”. Two circular nodes labeled “Crane Operator (Normal Cost)” and “Crane Operator (Overtime)” are shown with arrows pointing toward “Total Crane Operator Labour Cost”. From “Labour Cost (Rate)” and “Material Cost (Rate)”, a pink arrow arises and points toward “Direct Production Cost (Rate)”. From “Direct Production Cost (Rate)”, a downward arrow extends and points toward a circular node labeled “Total Cost (Per Panel)”. From “Indirect Cost (Rate)”, a pink arrow arises and points toward “Total Cost (Per Panel)”. From “Total Cost (Per Panel)”, an upward arrow arises and points toward the text labeled “Profit or Loss (Per Panel)”. A circular node labeled “Average Selling Price” is present with a pink arrow pointing toward “Profit or Loss (Per Panel)”. From “Profit or Loss (Per Panel)”, an arrow arises and points toward “Profit or Loss Rate”. From “Profit or Loss Rate”, an arrow arises and points toward a circular node labeled “Weekly Production Throughput”. From “Weekly Production Throughput”, a pink arrow arises and points toward “Total Cost (Per Panel)”. A pink arrow from “Transport and Logistics Cost (Rate)” and “Factory Overhead Cost (Rate)” points toward “Indirect Cost (Rate)”.SD stock and flow model for overall production cost and profitability for PMP. Source: Authors’ own creation