Figure 1
The diagram shows a series of text boxes arranged in two vertical columns connected by horizontal and vertical arrows, representing research stages. In the left column, from top to bottom, the text boxes are labeled as follows: “Data Collection,” “Data Screening,” “S E M,” and “Research Output.” Each text box is connected to the next by a downward-pointing arrow. In the right column, from top to bottom, the text boxes are labeled as follows: “Distributing the survey,” “Conducting normality test,” “Assessing the measurement model,” “Assessing the structural model,” and “Findings and discussion.” Each text box is connected to the next by a downward-pointing arrow. Rightward arrows extend from each box in the left column to the corresponding or next stage in the right column: A rightward arrow from “Data Collection” points to “Distributing the survey.” A rightward arrow from “Data Screening” points to “Conducting normality test.” A rightward arrow from “S E M” points to two text boxes labeled “Assessing the measurement model” and “Assessing the structural model.” A rightward arrow from “Research Output” points to “Findings and discussion.”Research stages. Source: Authors’ own work