Figure 1
The flowchart starts with an oval positioned at the top. To the left of the oval is a rectangle labeled “Searching.” To the right of this rectangle, three individual stacked document structures are arranged horizontally from left to right, labeled “Academic Papers,” “Government and Industry Data,” and “Other Online Sources.” Vertical lines extend downward from each document structure and connect to a horizontal line below them. A downward arrow extends from the oval to a dashed rectangle below, labeled “Case Study and Data Collection.” Inside this larger dashed rectangle are two smaller rectangles. The smaller rectangle on the left is labeled “Sample of research” and contains five bullet points: “State-owned entities,” “Collective-owned entities,” “Other type of ownership entities,” “Private enterprises,” and “Self-employed individuals.” A right-pointing arrow connects this rectangle to the second smaller rectangle, labeled “Data collection,” which lists four bullet points: “Gender participation rates,” “Gender differences in educational attainments,” “Gender disparity in working hours,” and “Disproportional representation of women in managerial and professional positions.” A downward arrow connects the larger dashed rectangle to another dashed rectangle at the bottom labeled “Data Analysis and Literature Comparison.” This rectangle contains four smaller rectangles arranged horizontally from left to right: “Analyse structural barriers via case studies,” “Examine gender gaps in participation and education,” “Compare finding with existing research,” and “Examine systemic, structural gender discrimination and inequality (S S G D I).”Research methodology. Source: Authors’ own work