Figure 4
Above the timeline, a sequence of interconnected rectangular blocks represents a series of operations. Starting from the left, there's a white rectangular block labeled “Queuing,” connected by a horizontal line to a green rectangular block labeled “Process 1.” This pattern repeats, with “Queuing” followed by “Process 2,” and so on, until “Process 6” on the far right. Ellipses are used to indicate intermediate processes between “Process 2” and “Process 6.” All these blocks are aligned horizontally. A double-headed horizontal arrow, labeled “Makespan,” spans from the beginning of the first “Process 1” block to the end of “Process 6.” Vertical dashed lines extend from the start of the first “Queuing block” and the end of the “Process 6” blocks, intersect the timeline, and are labeled “Arrival” and “Completion,” respectively. Below the timeline, another sequence of green rectangular blocks is depicted. These blocks, labeled “Process 1,” “Process 2,” up to “Process 6,” are also arranged horizontally. The region from the arrival point to the “Process 1” block is labeled “Slack Time.” Similarly, the region from the end of “Process 6” to the completion point is labeled “Tardiness.” Dotted lines from the beginning and end points of each process and queuing at the top are connected to the respective process blocks at the bottom. The region between the end of the bottom “Process 6” and the completion point is labeled “Due.”Makespan, tardiness, and due date relationships. Source: Authors’ own work