Figure 5
The figure shows three concentric circles, with each circle being color-coded. The innermost circle represents “Sources of behaviour,” the middle circle represents “Intervention functions,” and the outermost circle represents “Policy categories.” The innermost circle shows three sections labeled “Capability” at the top right, “Motivation” at the bottom, and “Opportunity” at the top left. The middle circle is divided into 6 sections. From the top in a clockwise manner, the sections are labeled as follows: “Physical,” “Psychological,” “Reflective,” “Automotive,” “Physical,” and “Social.” The outermost circle is divided into 21 sections. From the top in a clockwise manner, the sections are labeled as follows: “Training,” “Enablement,” “Education,” “Enablement,” “Training,” “Education,” “Coercion,” “Persuasion,” “Incentivisation,” “Coercion,” “Persuasion,” “Incentivisation,” “Environmental Restructuring,” “Enablement,” “Modelling,” “Environmental Restructuring,” “Enablement,” “Restriction,” “Restriction,” “Environmental Restructuring,” and “Enablement.” “Capability” in the first circle covers the sections “Physical” and “Psychological” from the middle circle, and “Training,” “Enablement,” “Education,” “Enablement,” and “Training” from the outer circle. “Physical” intervention function includes “Training” and “Enablement” policies. “Psychological” intervention function includes “Education,” “Enablement,” and “Training” policies. “Opportunity” in the first circle covers the sections “Physical” and “Social” from the middle circle, and “Environmental Restructuring,” “Enablement,” “Restriction,” “Restriction,” “Environmental Restructuring,” and “Enablement” from the outer circle. “Physical” intervention function includes “Environmental Restructuring,” “Enablement,” and “Restriction” policies. “Social” intervention function includes “Restriction,” “Environmental Restructuring,” and “Enablement” policies. “Motivation” in the first circle covers the sections “Reflective” and “Automotive” from the middle circle, and “Education,” “Coercion,” “Persuasion,” “Incentivisation,” “Coercion,” “Persuasion,” “Incentivisation,” “Environmental Restructuring,” “Enablement,” and “Modelling” from the outer circle. “Reflective” intervention function includes “Education,” “Coercion,” “Persuasion,” and “Incentivisation” policies. “Automotive” intervention function includes “Coercion,” “Persuasion,” “Incentivisation,” “Environmental Restructuring,” “Enablement,” and “Modelling” policies. The sections of the outer ring are connected to various text labels arranged around the circle. The corresponding text with each section from the top in a clockwise manner is as follows: For the “Capability” section: Training: “Design education program that offers internships [H E, V E, gov, org, reg bod]; Providing continuous training for retention [org, prof bod, training]; Training to Upskilling the recruiters and labour hire companies [org, prof bod, recruit, advocacy, reg bod].” Education: “Educating recruiters on anti-discriminatory, transparent recruitment procedures [prof bod, reg bod, advocacy, org, recruit]; Providing foundational knowledge in schools through construction-related subjects [gov, D o E, org, prof bod, reg bod, school lead]; Introducing construction as a S T E M curriculum subject [gov, ind, H E, D o E]; Improve awareness in career counsellors about construction industry pathways [ind, prof bod, reg bod].” Training: “Soft skill development programs designed for women [org, prof bod, advocacy, H E, training]; Training for attitude and behavioural change to shift organisational culture [org, prof bod, advocacy].” For the “Motivation” section: Education: “Improve School Career counselling [school lead, advocacy, org]; Awareness sessions for women on advocacy groups and opportunities [advocacy, prof bod, org, voluntary]; Awareness sessions for women workers about their rights under legislation [advocacy, prof bod, org, voluntary].” Persuasion: “Awareness sessions by Female role models [school lead, H E, prof bod, voluntary]; Challenging stereotypes by promoting non-traditional subject and career choices [school lead, career coun]; Encouraging companies to recruit women through targeted diversity initiatives [org, prof bod, H E, federal or state gov].” Incentivisation: “Bridging the pay gaps to improve job satisfaction [gov, org].” Persuasion: Educate parents to encourage and motivate their children [School lead, teachers, career coun, org, family]; Remove gendered career counselling approach [org, training, advocacy, prof bod].” Incentivisation: “Work life balance [org, reg bod, supervisors]; Introducing mentorship in professional groups during undergraduate studies [H E, prof bod, reg bod]; Careers reignite options for career advancement; More leadership quotas [org, prof bod].” Modelling: Implementing flexible work arrangements [org, supervisors, gov reg bod]; Increase recognition and identity creation [org, gov reg bod].” For the “Opportunity” section: Environmental Restructuring: Change physical nature of work and environment [org, Federal or state gov, leaders, advocacy]; Technology adaption [org, H E, prof and gov bod].” Enablement: Increasing enrolments in construction education programmes with focus on diverse demographics [V E, H E]; Implementing targeted recruitment [org, prof bod, H E]; Individual advocacy.” Restriction: “Enhance transparency of recruitment [org, prof bod, gov]; Diversity quotas integrated with merit-based recruitment [gov, reg bod, prof bod, org] Bridging the pay gap with transparent and equitable pay structures [gov, org].” Environmental Restructuring: “Flexible work arrangements; Policies around welfare and medical services [Federal or state gov, org, prof bod, reg bod]; Transparent and anti-discriminatory recruitment procedures [org, prof bod, advocacy, Federal or state gov].” Enablement: “Advocacy through organisations such as unions or professional bodies.” A legend is placed at the bottom shows: advocacy stands for Advocacy groups. career coun stands for Career counsellors. D o E stands for Department of Education. Gov stands for Government. H E stands for Higher education. ind stands for Industry. org stands for Industrial organisations. prof bod stands for Professional bodies. recruit stands for Recruitment agencies. reg body stands for Regulatory bodies. train stands for Training centers. V E stands for V E institutes. voluntary stands for Voluntary organisations.Interventions to improve gender diversity in the construction industry using the Behaviour Change Wheel and COM-B model. Authors’ own work