Figure 6
The diagram shows a text box at the top center labeled “Economic Nationalism”. A line extends downward and branches into eight boxes from left to right labeled “Trade Protectionism”, “F D I Protectionism”, “Immigration Restrictions”, “Anti Multilateralism”, “Trade Restrictions”, “Industrial Policies”, “Tolerance of concentration”, and “Macroeconomic populism”. A line extends downward from “Trade Protectionism” to a box labeled “S D G 1 and 9”, and a line extends downward to a text box containing the phrases “Retaliation and reduced economic growth”, “Complacent and less productive”, “Reduced export opportunities”, and “Disruption of global supply chains”. A line extends downward from “F D I Protectionism” to a box labeled “S D G 8”, and a line extends downward to a text box containing “Limited capital and investment”, “Reduced job opportunities”, “Limited access to expertise and knowledge transfer”, and “Impeded competitiveness and market access”. A line extends downward from “Immigration Restrictions” to a box labeled “S D G 2, 3 and 10”, and a line extends downward to a text box containing “Lack of labor availability”, “Agricultural productivity”, “Healthcare workforce”, “Health equity and access”, “Social inclusion and diversity”, and “Discrimination and xenophobia”. A line extends downward from “Anti Multilateralism” to a box labeled “S D G 10”, and a line extends downward to a text box containing “Reduced support for development aid”, “Limited exchange of ideas and experiences”, “Weakened international norms and standards”, and “Impacted global governance mechanisms”. A line extends downward from “Trade Restrictions” to a box labeled “S D G 3 and 12”, and a line extends downward to a text box containing “Access to essential medicines and healthcare products”, “Disruption of global health supply chains”, “Sustainable consumption patterns”, “Circular economy and resource efficiency”, and “Access to sustainable technologies”. A line extends downward from “Industrial Policies” to a box labeled “S D G 7 and 3”, and a line extends downward to a text box containing “Hindered renewable energy development”, “Reduced investment in energy efficiency”, “Neglected occupational health and safety”, and “Limited pollution control measures”. A line extends downward from “Tolerance of concentration” to a box labeled “S D G 17”, and a line extends downward to a text box containing “Limited competition and innovation”, “Unequal participation in partnerships”, “Impacts on sustainable business practices”, and “Limited access to resources and markets”. A line extends downward from “Macroeconomic populism” to a box labeled “S D G 9”, and a line extends downward to a text box containing “Impacts on infrastructure investment”, “Disrupted industrial development”, “Reduced support for innovation”, and “Financial instability and uncertainty”.Economic nationalism framework and impact on SDGs. Source: Developed by authors; Data Source: UNCTAD, Trade and Development Report: Structural Transformation for SDGs