Figure 3
The path diagram starts on the left with four circles arranged in a vertical series. From top to bottom, they are labeled as follows: “S C C o,” “S C D,” “S C N D,” and “S C C o l,” From “S C C o,” seven individual leftward arrows connect to seven vertically arranged rectangles labeled from top to bottom as follows: The first arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.85, points to the first rectangle labeled “S C C o 1.” The second arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.80, points to the second rectangle labeled “S C C o 2.” The third arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.82, points to the third rectangle labeled “S C C o 3.” The fourth arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.73, points to the fourth rectangle labeled “S C C o 4.” The fifth arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.65, points to the fifth rectangle labeled “S C C o 5.” The sixth arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.76, points to the sixth rectangle labeled “S C C o 6.” The seventh arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.73, points to the seventh rectangle labeled “S C C o 7.” On the left of each rectangle, a corresponding labeled circle is shown. Each circle points to its corresponding rectangle with a right arrow labeled with the path coefficient. The labels of the circles and the path coefficients are as follows: The first circle labeled “e 17” points to “S C Co 1” with a path coefficient of 0.72. The second circle labeled “e 18” points to “S C Co 2” with a path coefficient of 0.63. The third circle labeled “e 19” points to “S C Co I” with a path coefficient of 0.66. The fourth circle labeled “e 20” points to “S C Co 4” with a path coefficient of 0.54. The fifth circle labeled “e 21” points to “S C Co 5” with a path coefficient of 0.42. The sixth circle labeled “e 21” points to “S C Co 6” with a path coefficient of 0.58. The seventh circle labeled “e 21” points to “S C Co 7” with a path coefficient of 0.53. From “S C D,” six individual leftward arrows connect to seven vertically arranged rectangles labeled from top to bottom as follows: The first arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.75, points to the first rectangle labeled “S C D 1.” The second arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.79, points to the second rectangle labeled “S C D 2.” The third arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.67, points to the third rectangle labeled “S C D 3.” The fourth arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.84, points to the fourth rectangle labeled “S C D 4.” The fifth arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.75, points to the fifth rectangle labeled “S C D 5.” The sixth arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.70, points to the sixth rectangle labeled “S C D 6.” On the left of each rectangle, a corresponding labeled circle is shown. Each circle points to its corresponding rectangle with a right arrow labeled with the path coefficient. The labels of the circles and the path coefficients are as follows: The first circle labeled “e 24” points to “S C D 1” with a path coefficient of 0.56. The second circle labeled “e 25” points to “S C D 2” with a path coefficient of 0.62. The third circle labeled “e 26” points to “S C D 3” with a path coefficient of 0.44. The fourth circle labeled “e 27” points to “S C D 4” with a path coefficient of 0.70. The fifth circle labeled “e 28” points to “S C D 5” with a path coefficient of 0.56. The sixth circle labeled “e 29” points to “S C D 6” with a path coefficient of 0.49. From “S C N D,” five individual leftward arrows connect to five vertically arranged rectangles labeled from top to bottom as follows: The first arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.77, points to the first rectangle labeled “S C N D 1.” The second arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.80, points to the second rectangle labeled “S C N D 2.” The third arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.72, points to the third rectangle labeled “S C N D 3.” The fourth arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.64, points to the fourth rectangle labeled “S C N D 4.” The fifth arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.84, points to the fifth rectangle labeled “S C N D 5.” On the left of each rectangle, a corresponding labeled circle is shown. Each circle points to its corresponding rectangle with a right arrow labeled with the path coefficient. The labels of the circles and the path coefficients are as follows: The first circle labeled “e 30” points to “S C N D 1” with a path coefficient of 0.59. The second circle labeled “e 31” points to “S C N D 2” with a path coefficient of 0.64. The third circle labeled “e 32” points to “S C N D 3” with a path coefficient of 0.52. The fourth circle labeled “e 33” points to “S C N D 4” with a path coefficient of 0.41. The fifth circle labeled “e 34” points to “S C N D 5” with a path coefficient of 0.71. From “S C C o l” five individual leftward arrows connect to five vertically arranged rectangles labeled from top to bottom as follows: The first arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.75, points to the first rectangle labeled “S C CoI 1.” The second arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.69, points to the second rectangle labeled “S C CoI 2.” The third arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.61, points to the third rectangle labeled “S C CoI 3.” The fourth arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.76, points to the fourth rectangle labeled “S C CoI 4.” The fifth arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.83, points to the fifth rectangle labeled “S C CoI 5.” On the left of each rectangle, a corresponding labeled circle is shown. Each circle points to its corresponding rectangle with a right arrow labeled with the path coefficient. The labels of the circles and the path coefficients are as follows: The first circle labeled “e 35 points to “S C Co I 1” with a path coefficient of 0.56. The second circle labeled “e 36” points to “S C Co I 2” with a path coefficient of 0.48. The third circle labeled “e 37” points to “S C Co I 3” with a path coefficient of 0.37. The fourth circle labeled “e 38” points to “S C Co I 4” with a path coefficient of 0.58. The fifth circle labeled “e 39” points to “S C Co I 5” with a path coefficient of 0.68. In the top center, an oval is labeled “S C F.” From “S C F” eight individual upward arrows connect to eight horizontally arranged rectangles labeled from right to left as follows: The first arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.77, points to the first rectangle labeled “S C F 1.” The second arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.76, points to the second rectangle labeled “S C F 2.” The third arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.83, points to the third rectangle labeled “S C F 3.” The fourth arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.77, points to the fourth rectangle labeled “S C F 4.” The fifth arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.79, points to the fifth rectangle labeled “S C F 5.” The sixth arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.84, points to the sixth rectangle labeled “S C F 6.” The seventh arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.77, points to the seventh rectangle labeled “S C F 7.” The eighth arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.73, points to the eighth rectangle labeled “S C F 8.” On top of each rectangle, a corresponding labeled circle is shown. Each circle points to its corresponding rectangle with a downward arrow labeled with the path coefficient. The labels of the circles and the path coefficients are as follows: The first circle labeled “e 1” points to “S C F 1” with a path coefficient of 0.59. The first circle labeled “e 2” points to “S C F 2” with a path coefficient of 0.58. The first circle labeled “e 3” points to “S C F 3” with a path coefficient of 0.69. The first circle labeled “e 4” points to “S C F 4” with a path coefficient of 0.59. The first circle labeled “e 5” points to “S C F 5” with a path coefficient of 0.63. The first circle labeled “e 6” points to “S C F 6” with a path coefficient of 0.70. The first circle labeled “e 7” points to “S C F 7” with a path coefficient of 0.59. The first circle labeled “e 8” points to “S C F 8” with a path coefficient of 0.54. At the bottom center, two ovals are arranged horizontally, labeled from left to right “S C C” and “S C V.” From “S C C,” four individual downward arrows connect to four horizontally arranged rectangles labeled from left to right as follows: The first arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.70, points to the first rectangle labeled “S C C 1.” The second arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.73, points to the second rectangle labeled “S C C 2.” The third arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.72, points to the third rectangle labeled “S C C 3.” The fourth arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.80, points to the fourth rectangle labeled “S C C 4.” Below each rectangle, a circle is shown. Each circle points to its corresponding rectangle with an upward arrow labeled with the path coefficient. The labels of the circles and the path coefficients are as follows: The first circle labeled “e 44” points to “S C C 1” with a path coefficient of 0.49. The second circle labeled “e 45” points to “S C C 2” with a path coefficient of 0.54. The third circle labeled “e 46” points to “S C C 3” with a path coefficient of 0.52. The fourth circle labeled “e 47” points to “S C C 4” with a path coefficient of 0.64. From “S C V,” three individual downward arrows connect to three horizontally arranged rectangles labeled from left to right as follows: The first arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.85, points to the first rectangle labeled “S C V 1.” The second arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.76, points to the second rectangle labeled “S C V 2.” The third arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.53, points to the third rectangle labeled “S C V 3.” Below each rectangle, a circle is shown. Each circle points to its corresponding rectangle with an upward arrow labeled with the path coefficient. The labels of the circles and the path coefficients are as follows: The first circle labeled “e 48” points to “S C V 1” with a path coefficient of 0.73. The second circle labeled “e 49” points to “S C V 2” with a path coefficient of 0.57. The third circle labeled “e 50” points to “S C V 3” with a path coefficient of 0.28. On the right, two circles are arranged in a vertical series. From top to bottom, they are labeled as follows: “S C res” and “S S C P.” From “S Cres,” four individual rightward arrows connect to four vertically arranged rectangles labeled from bottom to top as follows: The first arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.94, points to the first rectangle labeled “S C res 1.” The second arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.85, points to the second rectangle labeled “S C res 2.” The third arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.93, points to the third rectangle labeled “S C res 3.” The fourth arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.95, points to the third rectangle labeled “S C res 4.” On the right of each rectangle, a corresponding labeled circle is shown. Each circle points to its corresponding rectangle with a left arrow labeled with the path coefficient. The labels of the circles and the path coefficients are as follows: The first circle labeled “e 40” points to “S C res 1” with a path coefficient of 0.89. The second circle labeled “e 41” points to “S C res 2” with a path coefficient of 0.72. The third circle labeled “e 42” points to “S C res 3” with a path coefficient of 0.87. The fourth circle labeled “e 43” points to “S C res 4” with a path coefficient of 0.90. A circle labeled “e 51” is shown above “S C res.” It points back to “S C res” with a downward arrow, having a path coefficient of 0.59. From “S S C P,” eight individual rightward arrows connect to eight vertically arranged rectangles labeled from bottom to top as follows: The first arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.72, points to the first rectangle labeled “S S C P 1.” The second arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.86, points to the second rectangle labeled “S S C P 2.” The third arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.80, points to the third rectangle labeled “S S C P 3.” The fourth arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.81, points to the fourth rectangle labeled “S S C P 4.” The fifth arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.83, points to the fifth rectangle labeled “S S C P 5.” The sixth arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.67, points to the sixth rectangle labeled “S S C P 6.” The seventh arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.54, points to the seventh rectangle labeled “S S C P 7.” The eighth arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.64, points to the eighth rectangle labeled “S S C P 8.” On the right of each rectangle, a corresponding labeled circle is shown. Each circle points to its rectangle with a left arrow and a labeled path coefficient. The labels of the circles and the path coefficients are as follows: The first circle labeled “e 9” points to “S S C P 1” with a path coefficient of 0.52. The second circle labeled “e 10” points to “S S C P 2” with a path coefficient of 0.74. The third circle labeled “e 11” points to “S S C P 3” with a path coefficient of 0.64. The fourth circle labeled “e 12” points to “S S C P 4” with a path coefficient of 0.66. The fifth circle labeled “e 13” points to “S S C P 5” with a path coefficient of 0.68. The sixth circle labeled “e 14” points to “S S C P 6” with a path coefficient of 0.45. The seventh circle labeled “e 15” points to “S S C P 7” with a path coefficient of 0.29. The eighth circle labeled “e 16” points to “S S C P 8” with a path coefficient of 0.40. A circle labeled “e 52” is shown below “S S C P.” It points back to “S S C P” with an upward arrow. These circles are also connected to each other. A two-way arrow with a path coefficient of 0.71 connects “S C C o” to “S C F.” A two-way arrow with a path coefficient of 0.51 connects “S C C o” to “S C D.” A two-way arrow with a path coefficient of 0.41 connects “S C C o” to “S C N D.” A two-way arrow with a path coefficient of 0.62 connects “S C C o” to “S C C o l.” A two-way arrow with a path coefficient of 0.42 connects “S C C o” to “S C C.” A right diagonal arrow path coefficient of 0.16 connects “S C C o” to “S C res.” A two-way arrow with a path coefficient of 0.24 connects “S C C o” to “S C V.” A right diagonal arrow with a path coefficient of 0.03 connects “S C C o” to “S C C P.” A two-way arrow with a path coefficient of 0.55 connects “S C D.” to “S C F.” A two-way arrow with a path coefficient of 0.58 connects “S C D.” to “S C C o I.” A right diagonal arrow with a path coefficient of 0.19 connects “S C D.” to “S C res.” A two-way arrow with a path coefficient of 0.24 connects “S C D.” to “S C C.” A two-way arrow with a path coefficient of 0.11 connects “S C D.” to “S C V.” A right diagonal arrow with a path coefficient of negative 0.12 connects “S C D.” to “S C C P.” A two-way arrow with a path coefficient of 0.24 connects “S C D.” to “S C N D.” A two-way arrow with a path coefficient of 0.43 connects “S C N D.” to “S C C o I.” A two-way arrow with a path coefficient of 0.37 connects “S C N D.” to “S C F.” A right diagonal arrow with a path coefficient of 0.36 connects “S C N D.” to “S C res.” A two-way arrow with a path coefficient of 0.24 connects “S C N D.” to “S C C.” A two-way arrow with a path coefficient of 0.11 connects “S C N D.” to “S C V.” A right arrow with a path coefficient of negative 0.13 connects “S C N D.” to “S C C P.” A right diagonal arrow with a path coefficient of 0.20 connects “S C C o I.” to “S C res.” A two-way arrow with a path coefficient of 0.03 connects “S C C o I.” to “S C F.” A two-way arrow with a path coefficient of 0.11 connects “S C C o I.” to “S C V.” A two-way arrow with a path coefficient of 0.36 connects “S C C o I.” to “S C C.” A right diagonal arrow with a path coefficient of 0.46 connects “S C C o I.” to “S C C P.” A right arrow with a path coefficient of 0.22 connects “S C F.” to “S C res.” A two-way arrow with a path coefficient of 0.49 connects “S C F.” to “S C C.” A two-way arrow with a path coefficient of 0.19 connects “S C F.” to “S C V.” A two-way arrow with a path coefficient of negative .01 connects “S C F.” to “S C C P.” A two-way arrow with a path coefficient of 0.02 connects “S C res.” to “S C C.” A two-way arrow with a path coefficient of 0.30 connects “S C res.” to “S C V.” A downward arrow with a path coefficient of 0.29 connects “S C res.” to “S C C P.” A two-way arrow with a path coefficient of 0.35 connects “S C C.” to “S C V.” A right diagonal arrow with a path coefficient of 0.14 connects “S C C.” to “S C C P.” A right diagonal arrow with a path coefficient of 0.16 connects “S C V.” to “S C C P.”SEM path diagram, Source: Authors' own creation