Figure 7
The network displays multiple clusters of nodes, each represented by circles with labels, connected by thin lines indicating relationships, with labels adjacent to the nodes. At the center, the largest blue node is labeled “corporate social responsibility”, linked widely across the visualization, indicating its central role within the network. Just above and slightly to the right of the center, a large green node labeled “financial performance” forms a dense green cluster. This green cluster contains several surrounding green nodes such as “environmental performance”, “sustainable development”, “stakeholder theory”, “corporate social responsibility”, “Competitive advancement”, and “social responsibility”. To the upper left of the center, a compact red cluster appears, centered on the red node labeled “firm performance”. This red cluster includes several additional red nodes such as “sustainability”, “corporate sustainability”, “social”, “governance”, “c s r”, “environmental”, “e s g”, and “performance”. Below the central blue node, a blue cluster extends downward and slightly left, with nodes such as “corporate financial performance”, “firm value”, “corporate social performance”, “panel data”, and “corporate reputation”. On the bottom centre, two purple nodes are shown labeled “e s g disclosure”, and “stakeholder engagement”. At the bottom left, yellow nodes are shown and labeled “corporate governance”.Co-occurrence analysis of author keywords revealing thematic clusters