Figure 4
The diagram shows a causal loop diagram with multiple interconnected variables and feedback loops. Starting from the top left, the label “City Budget” connects with a positive arrow to “Investments in new Business areas,” and it loops back to “City Budget” with a negative arrow forming loop “B 1.” “Investments in new Business areas” connects downward with a positive arrow to “Business areas,” which connects with a negative arrow to “Available lands,” which connects back to “Investments in new Business areas” with a positive arrow forming a loop “B 2.” From “Business areas,” a leftward positive arrow leads to “Taxes,” and then a positive arrow back to “City Budget,” completing the reinforcing loop “R 2.” A downward positive arrow from “Business areas” leads to “Jobs,” and from “Jobs,” a positive arrow points to “Attractiveness of the city.” A leftward positive arrow from it points to “Population,” which connects with a positive arrow to “Taxes,” completing the reinforcing loop “R 1.” A rightward positive arrow from “Business areas” points to “Pollution,” and a negative arrow from it connects to “Attractiveness of the city,” forming loop “B 3.” From “Business areas,” a rightward positive arrow leads to “Waste,” and a negative arrow from “Waste” returns to “Attractiveness of the city,” forming loop “B 4.” From “Waste,” a downward positive arrow leads to “Taxes,” via “Population,” forming loop “B 5.”Causal loop diagram used during the debriefing sessions. Source: Authors’ own work