Figure 1
The diagram shows a central box labelled N A P S F with arrows pointing into it from four surrounding sections. The left side is labelled Real data and the right side is labelled Model data. A horizontal dotted line across the diagram separates Global data above from Individual data below. In the real data and global data area, example text reads Cost of energy on the commodity exchange, Emission of the energy system, and Share of R E S in energy mix, with arrows pointing downward toward N A P S F. In the model data and global data area, example text reads Cost of G H G emissions per household and Household energy consumption in other countries, with arrows pointing downward toward N A P S F. In the real data and individual data area, example text reads Energy efficiency of the house, Energy consumption of individual items of equipment, and Energy costs in the selected bid, with arrows pointing upward toward N A P S F. In the model data and individual data area, example text reads Energy consumption of various models of items and Averaged costs of energy carriers, with arrows pointing upward toward N A P S F. A vertical dashed line separates real data from model data.Model depiction of sample data feeding the NAPSF
Source: Authors’ own work