Figure 3
Panel (a): It shows a three-dimensional surface plot titled “S R I as predicted by instructional–accessible dimension”. The horizontal plane contains two axes. The axis along the front left is labeled “instructional dimension” and ranges from negative 3 to 3 in increments of 1 unit. The axis along the front right is labeled “accessible dimension” and also ranges from negative 3 to 3 in increments of 1 unit. The vertical axis on the left is labeled “scientific research innovation” and ranges from 0 to 6 in increments of 0.5 units. A smooth surface represents predicted values of scientific research innovation across combinations of instructional and accessible dimensions. The surface is highest when the instructional dimension is high, and the accessible dimension is low, decreases toward the center of the domain, and reaches a minimum, near instructional dimension equals negative 3 and accessible dimension equals negative 3. The surface then rises again as the accessible dimension increases, forming a curved, basin-like shape. On the base plane, two dashed diagonal reference lines are shown. One diagonal line is labeled “congruence line”, where the instructional dimension equals the accessible dimension. The other diagonal line is labeled “incongruence line”, where the instructional and accessible dimensions differ. The base plane also includes labeled regions indicating “instructional greater than accessible”, “accessible greater than instructional”, “both high”, and “both low”, corresponding to different combinations of the two dimensions. Panel (b): It shows a two-dimensional line graph titled “instructional equals accessible”. The horizontal axis ranges from negative 3 to 3 in increments of 1 unit. The vertical axis is labeled “Scientific research innovation” and ranges from 0.0 to 5.0 in increments of 0.5 units. The line starts at (negative 3, 1.5), passes through (0, 2.75), and ends at (3, 4.3). Panel (c): It shows another line graph titled “instructional equals negative accessible”. The horizontal axis ranges from negative 3 to 3 in increments of 1 unit. The vertical axis is labeled “Scientific research innovation” and ranges from 0.0 to 6.0 in increments of 0.5 units. The U-shaped curve starts at (negative 3, 4.0), falls concave up to the minimum at (negative 0.5, 2.6), and then rises concave up to end at (3, 5.7). Note: All numerical values are approximated.Plotted results of the combination of instructional and accessible dimensions