Figure 10
The 10 lean tools on the horizontal axis are as follows: 5 S, Just-in-Time (J I T), Kaizen, Kanban, Pull, S M E D, Six Sigma, Total Productive Maintenance, Value Stream Mapping, and Visual Management. For each tool, there are three bars representing: Economic Impact (dark blue bar), Social Impact (orange bar), and Environmental Impact (gray bar). Economic Impact is consistently the highest reported impact for almost all tools, frequently reaching 80 percent to 100 percent. Kanban, Pull, and Virtual Management show a 100 percent Economic Impact. Social Impact is generally the lowest impact across the tools, ranging mostly from 40 percent to 60 percent. Environmental Impact is moderate, typically ranging from 60 percent to 80 percent. Note: All numerical values are approximated.Impact of the top 10 lean tools on each sustainability dimension based on the reviewed studies. Source: Authors’ own work