Figure 11
The table consists of 10 rows and 3 columns. The column headers are as follows: Environmental, Economic, and Social. The row headers are as follows: V S M, 5 S, KAIZEN, J I T, T P M, KANBAN, 6 SIGMA, S M E D, V. M N G, and PULL. The Performance Indicators (columns) are grouped as: ENVIRONMENTAL: Resource Use, Waste, Pollution. ECONOMIC: Cost Reduction, Time Efficiency, Productivity, Quality, Inventory, Profitability. SOCIAL: Well Being, Health, Satisfaction, Safety, Training. The Legend indicates the level of effect using colored circles: Strong Effect: Dark Green (Environmental), Dark Orange (Economic), Dark Violet (Social). Medium Effect: Light Green, Light Orange, Medium Pink. Low Effect: Very Light Green, Very Light Orange, Very Light Pink. No Effect Observed: Black “X” symbol. The table entries are as follows: Row 1: V S M: Resource use: Strong effect. Waste: Strong effect. Pollution: No effect. Cost Reduction: Strong effect. Time efficiency: No effect. Productivity: Strong effect. Quality: No effect. Inventory: No effect. Profitability: No effect. Well-being and Satisfaction: Medium effect. Health and Safety: No effect. Training: No effect. Row 2: 5 S: Resource use: No effect. Waste: Medium effect. Pollution: No effect. Cost Reduction: Strong effect. Time efficiency: No effect. Productivity: Strong effect. Quality: No effect. Inventory: No effect. Profitability: No effect. Well-being and Satisfaction: No effect. Health and Safety: Strong effect. Training: No effect. Row 3: KAIZEN: Resource use: Medium effect. Waste: No effect. Pollution: No effect. Cost Reduction: No effect. Time efficiency: No effect. Productivity: No effect. Quality: Strong. Inventory: No effect. Profitability: Strong effect. Well-being and Satisfaction: Medium effect. Health and Safety: No effect. Training: Medium effect. Row 4: JIT: Resource use: Medium effect. Waste: Medium effect. Pollution: No effect. Cost Reduction: Strong effect. Time efficiency: No effect. Productivity: Strong effect. Quality: No effect. Inventory: Strong effect. Profitability: No effect. Well-being and Satisfaction: Low effect. Health and Safety: No effect. Training: No effect. Row 5: T P M: Resource use: Medium effect. Waste: No effect. Pollution: No effect. Cost Reduction: No effect. Time efficiency: Strong effect. Productivity: Strong effect. Quality: No effect. Inventory: No effect. Profitability: No effect. Well-being and Satisfaction: No effect. Health and Safety: Medium effect. Training: No effect. Row 6: KANBAN: Resource use: No effect. Waste: Medium effect. Pollution: No effect. Cost Reduction: Strong effect. Time efficiency: No effect. Productivity: Strong effect. Quality: No effect. Inventory: No effect. Profitability: No effect. Well-being and Satisfaction: No effect. Health and Safety: No effect. Training: No effect. Row 7: 6 SIGMA: Resource use: No effect. Waste: Medium effect. Pollution: No effect. Cost Reduction: No effect. Time efficiency: No effect. Productivity: No effect. Quality: Strong effect. Inventory: No effect. Profitability: No effect. Well-being and Satisfaction: Medium effect. Health and Safety: No effect. Training: No effect. Row 8: S M E D: Resource use: Medium effect. Waste: No effect. Pollution: Medium effect. Cost Reduction: No effect. Time efficiency: Strong effect. Productivity: Strong effect. Quality: No effect. Inventory: No effect. Profitability: No effect. Well-being and Satisfaction: Medium effect. Health and Safety: No effect. Training: No effect. Row 9: V. M N G: Resource use: No effect. Waste: Medium effect. Pollution: Medium effect. Cost Reduction: No effect. Time efficiency: No effect. Productivity: No effect. Quality: Medium effect. Inventory: No effect. Profitability: No effect. Well-being and Satisfaction: Strong effect. Health and Safety: No effect. Training: No effect. Row 10: PULL: Resource use: No effect. Waste: Medium effect. Pollution: No effect. Cost Reduction: Strong effect. Time efficiency: No effect. Productivity: No effect. Quality: No effect. Inventory: Strong effect. Profitability: No effect. Well-being and Satisfaction: No effect. Health and Safety: No effect. Training: No effect.Qualitative evaluation of the 10 most relevant lean tools’ impacts on environmental, economic, and social pillars of sustainability. Source: Authors’ own work