Figure 12
The diagram shows a rectangle “LEAN TOOLS” on the left consisting of three overlapping circles: Blue Circle: It is labeled “ECONOMIC” (with an icon of stacked coins). Green Circle: It is labeled “ENVIRONMENTAL” (with an icon of a hand holding a leaf). Orange Circle: It is labeled “SOCIAL” (with an icon of two shaking hands). The overlapping areas are as follows: Center Overlap (Economic, Environmental, Social): It is labeled “SUSTAINABILITY” (with a leaf icon). This area represents the core balance of all three pillars. Economic and Environmental Overlap: It is labeled “Natural Resource Based View.” Economic and Social Overlap: It is labeled “Socio-technical Systems.” Environmental and Social Overlap: It is labeled “S-L C A.” Social Only Area: It is labeled “Stakeholder Theory.” An arrow points from the rectangle to a green, glowing hexagon on the right, which is labeled “INTEGRATED SUSTAINABILITY OUTCOMES.”Interpretative framework linking lean tools, sustainability pillars, and theoretical foundations. Source: Authors’ own work