Figure 2
On the far left, there are five rectangular boxes, each containing a quote or observation. The first quote is, “We have implemented a dashboard system [ellipsis] but the current level of digitalization across our processes remains limited.” The second quote is, “There is a requirement for the development of more comprehensive machines that integrate sensors and data analysis.” The third quote is, “With Industry 4.0, we realized that the data can be a resource for understanding where the defects are, but we are still trying to fully exploit them.” The fourth quote is, “The lack of an integrated digital platform for analysing production data prevents us from optimising production processes in terms of quality and sustainability.” The fifth quote is, “We haven't yet been able to digitalize all data present in the company [ellipsis] so many data points are still manually entered by the operator.” Arrows from the first three quotes point to a central rectangular box labeled “Automation and Digitalization Gap.” Arrows from the last two quotes point to a central rectangular box labeled “Data Management and Analytics Deficiencies.” Arrows from both of these central boxes converge on a single oval shape on the right, labeled “Digitization, Automation and Technological Innovation.”Illustrative example of the Gioia coding process for the present study. Source: Authors’ own work