Figure 9
The chart is boxed in yellow, with a top section titled “Sustainability Measurement Frameworks.” Directly below, “Theoretical Models” lists four theories: “Stewardship Theory,” “Stakeholder theory,” “Legitimacy Theory,” and “Institutional Theory,” with blue boxes for “Corporate social responsibility (C S R)” and “Neo-classical economic theory.” The flow splits left and right into “Sustainability Measurement INPUTS” and “Sustainability Measurement OUTPUTS.” Inputs include green boxes for “Why to Measure,” “What to Measure,” and “How to Measure,” listing items like goals, indicators, and methods (e.g., Regression, P C A, Structural Equation Modeling, C F A, Fuzzy Logic Approach, Sensitivity Analysis). Outputs contain yellow and green boxes labeled “S M Fs,” listing frameworks (e.g., Global Reporting Initiative, Triple Bottom Line, Dashboard of Sustainability) and “Benefits” (e.g., system boundaries, cost, communication, consistency, management strategies). The center triangle labeled “Sustainability Measurement Dimensions (Normative)” connects “Economic,” “Social,” and “Environmental,” with three blue circles: “Eco-Environmental,” “Socio-Environmental,” and “Socio-Economic.” At the bottom, focus areas are blue boxes: “Economies,” “Industries,” “Enterprises,” “Environment,” “Processes,” and the highlighted strip “Sustainability Focus.”A conceptual framework for the theoretical foundation of SMFs. Source: Authors