Figure 3.
The image presents a horizontal bar graph displaying data segmented by time periods from 1986 to 2024, where each time period has four bars representing quarterly results. The years are arranged vertically along the left side, with separate bars for each quarter: Q1 marked in blue, Q2 in orange, Q3 in yellow, and Q4 in grey. The horizontal axis measures numerical values. The lengths of the bars vary significantly, especially notable for the most recent years, highlighting the differences across quarters within each time frame. There are several instances of zero values across earlier years, particularly from 1991 to 2001 and 2002 to 2007, creating a pattern of fewer data points in earlier periods. Data flow vertically in time segments while the bar lengths extend horizontally. There are no merged cells, and the data is distinctly presented for each quarter.Validity and reliability tests by period and quartile of journals
Source: Authors’ own work