Figure 2
The diagram displays a cross-sectional of a castellated beam, showing the overall height “d”, defined by the formula “d equals d subscript g plus h over 2”. The beam features hexagonal openings, each with a height labeled “h”. The spacing between these openings is marked as “s”, and the distance between the centers of the hexagons is labeled as “e”. The angle formed between the edges of the hexagons is denoted by “theta”. The top and bottom parts of the beam are labeled as “Top subscript 1”, “Top subscript 2”, “Bottom subscript 1”, and “Bottom subscript 2” on the left and right edges, respectively.Parameters of the castellated beam. Source: Authors' own work