Figure 1.
Five categories of effects include: single-level effects, top-down direct effects, bottom-up direct effects, top-down moderating effects, and bottom-up moderating effects. Each box contains icons representing behaviours shown as triangles, features shown as squares, and events shown as starbursts. Numbers identify specific pathways. In single-level effects, events and behaviours at individual, team, and organisational levels are shown with arrows linking them, numbered from 1 to 5. In top-down direct effects, arrows flow from higher levels such as organisation and environment to lower levels, numbered 6. In bottom-up direct effects, arrows move from lower levels such as individual and team to higher levels, numbered 7 to 11. Top-down moderating effects show arrows from higher levels influencing relationships at lower levels, numbered 12 to 14. Bottom-up moderating effects show arrows from lower levels influencing higher-level relationships, numbered 15 to 18. A legend at the bottom clarifies the icons: triangle for behaviour, square for feature, starburst for event, and dashed arrow for event effect.Prototypical effects of events on entities
Source:Morgeson et al. (2015, p. 523)