Figure 4
The hierarchical diagram starts at the top with a rectangle labeled “Quality 4.0 Challenges and Barriers.” The rectangle branches into four branches, labeled from left to right as “Organizational and Managerial Challenges,” “Cultural and Behavioral Challenges,” “Financial Challenges,” and “Human Resource and Talent Management Challenges.” Each of these branches is further divided into sub-branches. The oval “Organizational and Managerial Challenges” branches into “Absence of vision” and “Leadership commitment.” The oval “Cultural and Behavioral Challenges” branches to “Resistance to change,” “Absence of culture for continuous improvement,” and “Cultural jump.” The oval “Financial Challenges” branches to “Unclear investing opportunity,” “Difficulty in capital acquiring,” and “Unclear R O I.” The oval “Human Resource and Talent Management Challenges” branches to “Inadequate employee training” and “Flawed hiring processes”.Challenges and barriers to Q4.0 adoption in the Middle East. Authors’ own work