Figure 1
The map shows the African continent with all countries labeled, and landlocked countries highlighted in yellow, while coastal countries are shown in light gray. In North Africa, the labeled countries are “MOROCCO”, “WESTERN SAHARA”, “ALGERIA”, “TUNISIA”, “LIBYA”, and “EGYPT”. In West Africa, the labeled countries include “MAURITANIA”, “MALI”, “NIGER”, “NIGERIA”, “BENIN”, “TOGO”, “GHANA”, “COTE D’IVOIRE”, “BURKINA FASO”, “LIBERIA”, “SIERRA LEONE”, “GUINEA”, “GUINEA-BISSAU”, “THE GAMBIA”, “SENEGAL”, and “CAPE VERDE”. In Central Africa, the labels include “CAMEROON”, “CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC”, “CHAD”, “EQUATORIAL GUINEA”, “GABON”, “REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO”, “DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO”, and “SAO TOME AND PRÍNCIPE”. In East Africa, the labeled countries are “SUDAN”, “SOUTH SUDAN”, “ETHIOPIA”, “ERITREA”, “DJIBOUTI”, “SOMALIA”, “UGANDA”, “RWANDA”, “BURUNDI”, “KENYA”, “TANZANIA”, and “SEYCHELLES”. In Southern Africa, the labeled countries include “ANGOLA”, “ZAMBIA”, “ZIMBABWE”, “MALAWI”, “MOZAMBIQUE”, “NAMIBIA”, “BOTSWANA”, “SOUTH AFRICA”, “LESOTHO”, “ESWATINI”, “MADAGASCAR”, “COMOROS”, “MAURITIUS”, “RÉUNION”, and “SAINT HELENA”. The landlocked countries highlighted in yellow are “BOTSWANA”, “BURKINA FASO”, “BURUNDI”, “CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC”, “CHAD”, “ETHIOPIA”, “LESOTHO”, “MALAWI”, “MALI”, “NIGER”, “RWANDA”, “SOUTH SUDAN”, “UGANDA”, “ZAMBIA”, and “ZIMBABWE”. A legend at the lower left titled “African Landlocked Countries” lists these same countries. Coastlines, surrounding seas, and island locations are shown to provide geographic context across Africa.Map of Africa indicating landlocked countries. Source: Authors’ creation with mapchart.net