Figure 2
The conceptual model diagram shows relationships among digitalization, globalization, institutional quality, and economic growth. On the left, a rectangle labeled “Digitalization - D I G I (P C A of mobile, fixed and internet)” is stacked above a rectangle labeled “Globalization (G I)”. Both rectangles point rightward to a central rectangle labeled “Institutional quality (I N S T Q six indices P C A)”. From this central rectangle, dashed arrows extend to three rectangles on the right labeled “I N S T Q X D I G I”, “I N S T Q X G I”, and “Economic growth (G D P per capita)” is shown. A downward arrow from the central rectangle “Institutional quality (I N S T Q six indices P C A)” points to another box labeled “Controls” lists “Natural resource (N R R)”, “Gross fixed capital formation (G F C F)”, and “Labor force (T L F)”, each preceded by an asterisk. An arrow from the controls box points upward to “Economic growth (G D P per capita)”.Conceptual framework. Source: Authors’ own work