Figure 12
The figure consists of five separate stress–strain plots arranged in a grid layout, each corresponding to a different unit labeled “Original unit-1” through “Original unit-5”, with a matching curve labeled “Homogenized unit-1” through “Homogenized unit-5”. Each subplot has the horizontal axis labeled “Strain”, ranging from 0.000 to 0.025 with an interval of 0.005, and the vertical axis labeled “Stress (Megapascals)”, ranging from 0 to 3000 with an interval of 500. In each plot, two curves are shown with markers connected by lines. The “Original unit” curve is plotted with the square markers, while the “Homogenized unit” curve is plotted with the circular markers. Both curves start near zero stress at zero strain and increase nonlinearly as strain increases. Across all five units, the stress rises steeply at low strain, then gradually levels off at higher strain values. In the top left plot, the line for “Original unit-1” increases to (0.009, 1750), then levels off at (0.0225, 2050), and the line for “Homogenized unit-1” increases to (0.0115, 1750), then levels off at (0.0225, 2100). In the top right plot, the line for “Original unit-2” increases to (0.015, 2100), then levels off at (0.0225, 2200), and the line for “Homogenized unit-2” increases to (0.015, 2100), then levels off at (0.0225, 2350). In the middle left plot, the line for “Original unit-3” increases to (0.015, 2100), then levels off at (0.0225, 2200), and the line for “Homogenized unit-3” increases to (0.015, 2100), then levels off at (0.0225, 2350). In the middle right plot, the line for “Original unit-4” increases to (0.0125, 2250), then levels off at (0.0225, 2300), and the line for “Homogenized unit-4” increases to (0.015, 2250), then levels off at (0.0225, 2350). In the bottom left plot, the line for “Original unit-5” increases to (0.0135, 1750), then levels off at (0.0225, 1800), and the line for “Homogenized unit-5” increases to (0.0135, 1750), then levels off at (0.0225, 1900). Each subplot includes a legend identifying the two curves for that unit, and light dashed gridlines are visible in the background. Note: All the numerical data values are approximated.Comparison of equivalent stress–strain curves obtained from the homogenized unit cell responses and those derived from full-fidelity finite element simulations