Figure 1
The figure presents two distinct models of authority labeled “(a)” on the left and “(b)” to the right. On the left, model “(a)” is titled “Educational system” at the top left, and a vertical downward arrow is labeled “vertical power structures” at the far left. The model illustrates a tiered hierarchy separated by horizontal lines in the following order: the top tier is labeled “Ministry of Education - political level asterisk” at the left, and contains a single dark figure that is labeled “Minister of Education” to the right. The second tier is labeled “Ministry of Education-administrative level” at the left, and contains one figure that is labeled “superintendent” to the right. The third tier is labeled “school level” at the left, and contains two figures that are labeled “principal” to the right. The fourth tier contains four figures that are labeled “teacher” to the right. At the bottom of this model is a note stating “asterisk project initiated by the ministry and a foundation (top down)”. On the right, model “(b)” is titled “Family of Primary Schools” and illustrates horizontal power structures. It depicts a large, rectangular boundary containing a diverse cluster of thirteen figures, including a central dark figure labeled “superintendent” surrounded by several figures labeled “principal” and “teacher”. Above the group, speech bubbles and a lightbulb icon suggest collaboration. Outside the top-right corner of the rectangle sits a figure labeled “external trainers”. A double-headed horizontal arrow at the bottom is labeled “horizontal power structures”.Diagram of actors including power structures of the existing system (a) and the FoPS design (b). Source: Figure created by authors