Figure 1
A path diagram links daily leader and colleague behaviours to daily work effort through need satisfaction and frustration.The path diagram shows multiple rectangular text boxes connected by solid and dashed arrows. On the left side are four vertically aligned rectangular boxes. From top to bottom, they are labeled “Daily need-supportive leader behaviour”, “Daily need-supportive colleague behaviour”, “Daily need-thwarting leader behaviour”, and “Daily need-thwarting colleague behaviour”. To the right of these boxes, two rectangular boxes are shown. The upper box is labeled “Daily need satisfaction”, and the lower box is labeled “Daily need frustration”. A solid right-pointing arrow from “Daily need-supportive leader behaviour” to “Daily need satisfaction” is labeled “0.29 triple asterisks (0.19 double asterisks)”. A solid right-pointing arrow from “Daily need-supportive colleague behaviour” to “Daily need satisfaction” is labeled “0.16 double asterisks (0.11 asterisks)”. A solid right-pointing arrow from “Daily need-supportive colleague behaviour” to “Daily need frustration” is labeled “negative 0.14 double asterisks (negative 0.09 asterisks)”. A solid right-pointing arrow from “Daily need-thwarting leader behaviour” to “Daily need frustration” is labeled “0.23 double asterisks (0.17 double asterisk)”. A solid right-pointing arrow from “Daily need-thwarting colleague behaviour” to “Daily need frustration” is labeled “0.20 double asterisks (0.17 double asterisks)”. Dashed diagonal arrows are shown from the left-side behaviour boxes to the opposite need boxes. A dashed arrow from “Daily need-supportive leader behaviour” to “Daily need frustration”. Dashed arrows are also shown from the need-thwarting behaviour boxes to “Daily need satisfaction”. On the far right is a rectangular box labeled “Daily work effort”. A solid right-pointing arrow from “Daily need satisfaction” to “Daily work effort” is labeled “0.27 triple asterisks (0.39 double asterisks)”. A solid right-pointing arrow from “Daily need frustration” to “Daily work effort” is labeled “negative 0.18 triple asterisks (negative 0.26 triple asterisks)”.

Standardised path coefficients (Unstandardised path coefficients indicated in brackets). Notes. Dashed lines represent non-significant paths. ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; p < 0.05. Source: Created by authors

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