Figure 3
The funnel plot titled “Funnel Plot of Standard Error by Fisher’s Z” displays circular data points distributed around a central vertical reference line. The horizontal axis is labeled “Fisher’s Z” and ranges from negative 2.0 to 2.0 in increments of 0.5 units. The vertical axis is labeled “Standard Error” and ranges from 0.00 at the top to 0.20 at the bottom in increments of 0.05 units. A vertical line is drawn at Fisher’s Z equal to about 0.5, representing the central effect estimate. Two diagonal lines extend downward from the top near the central line, forming a symmetrical inverted funnel that widens as the standard error increases. Most data points cluster near the top of the plot between standard error values of about 0.02 and 0.10 and Fisher’s Z values between roughly 0.2 and 0.8, with fewer points appearing at higher standard error values closer to 0.15 to 0.20. A small diamond shape is shown at the bottom near the center of the funnel, indicating the pooled effect estimate.Funnel plot. Source(s): Figure by author