Figure 1
A conceptual latent variable model is presented using rectangular constructs grouped within dashed boundaries and connected by directional arrows labeled with hypotheses. On the left, a dashed box titled “Women-Entrepreneur Characteristics” contains two rectangles labeled “Perseverance” and “Passion for Work”. From “Perseverance”, a downward arrow labeled “H 1” points to a rectangle labeled “Transformational Leadership”, and from “Passion for Work”, an upward arrow labeled “H 2” also points to “Transformational Leadership”. Below this left grouping, a dashed box labeled “Women-Entrepreneur Age” and “Women-Entrepreneur Work Experience Length” is shown, with a diagonal arrow extending upward from this box to “Transformational Leadership”. From “Transformational Leadership”, a rightward arrow labeled “H 3” points to a dashed box titled “Organisational Resilience”. Inside this box, three vertically arranged rectangles are labeled “Robustness”, “Agility”, and “Integrity”. From the “Organisational Resilience” grouping, a rightward arrow labeled “H 4” points to a rectangle labeled “Firm Performance”. Beneath “Firm Performance”, a dashed box labeled “Firm Size” and “Firm Age” is positioned, with an upward arrow connecting this box to “Firm Performance”.Conceptual framework of the study Source: Authors’ own work