Figure 6
The flowchart consists of a wide horizontal rectangular title bar at the top center that reads “Collaborative and Life Cycle-based Project Delivery Model (C L C P D M) for Sustainable Building Construction (Abstract Version)”. Below this, two parallel life-cycle streams are arranged from left to right. The upper stream is labeled “Project Life Cycle” and is divided into a long horizontal segment labeled “Pre-construction activities” followed by a shorter horizontal segment labeled “Construction and Handover”. The lower right stream is labeled “Building Life Cycle” with a horizontal segment labeled “Building Commissioning, Use, and Management”. Under “Pre-construction activities” on the far left, a vertical rectangular box titled “Project Definition” contains a smaller rectangular box labeled “Step 1: Exploring the client’s needs and limits”. A curved arrow begins at the right side of the “Project Definition” box and leads rightwards to a rectangular box titled “Pre-design and Feasibility study” containing “Step 2: Defining the project and its delivery basis in further detail”. From the right side of this box, a curved arrow leads upward and right to a rectangular box titled “Tendering” containing “Step 3: Forming the collaborative project delivery team”. From the bottom right of the “Tendering” box, a curved arrow leads downward and right to a large central rectangular box titled “Essential Design and Planning”. Inside this box, on the left side is “Step 4: Designing and planning a process and project plan”. In the center is a circular loop graphic labeled “Steps 4, 5, and 6” indicating iteration. On the right side is “Step 6: Engineering the design and plan”. At the bottom inside the same box is another smaller rectangular box labeled “Step 5: Visualizing and simulating to check functionality”. From the right edge of the “Essential Design and Planning” box, a rightward arrow leads to a rectangular box under “Construction and Handover” titled “Construction” containing “Step 7: Active target measurement and documentation throughout the construction phase”. From the right edge of the “Construction” box, a rightward arrow leads to another rectangular box titled “Closure and Handover” containing “Step 8: Completing the project and building’s life cycle”. From the right side of the “Closure and Handover” box, a rightward arrow leads downward into the “Building Life Cycle” stream to a rectangular box titled “Commissioning, User induction” containing “Step 9: Testing the building’s energy systems and providing training for users”. From this box, a rightward arrow leads to a rectangular box titled “Operation” containing “Step 10: Using the building, performance monitoring, and planned maintenance and operational actions”. From the right side of the “Operation” box, a rightward arrow leads to the final rectangular box titled “Maintenance, Optimization and Renovation planning” containing “Step 11: Performing planned maintenance and optimization, monitoring building performance, and planning future renovations”. Along the bottom of the diagram, a row of smaller horizontally aligned rectangular boxes labeled “Output of Step 1” through “Output of Step 11” appears directly beneath their corresponding steps. The bottom left rectangular box is labeled “Output of Step 1” and contains “1. General specifications of the desired building”, “2. The estimated time and cost of constructing the building”, “3. Client’s available money and time”. This box is positioned directly below the “Project Definition” box and is horizontally aligned with the first stage of the project life cycle. The next rectangular box to the right is labeled “Output of Step 2” and contains “1. Pre-design documents”, “2. Results of the detailed feasibility study”, “3. Risks to consider”, “4. Building documents”, “5. Proposed performance risk-reward sharing mechanism”, “6. Explanation of contractor’s role in building operation for 15 to 20 years”. This box is positioned directly below the “Pre-design and Feasibility study” box and is vertically aligned with it. The third rectangular box from the left is labeled “Output of Step 3” and contains “1. Delivery team contract”, “2. Contractor selection”, “3. Agreed risk-reward sharing performance for the client and contractor”, “4. Signed collaboration agreement between the project parties”. This box is positioned directly below the “Tendering” box and aligned with that stage. The fourth rectangular box is labeled “Output of Steps 4, 5, and 6” and contains “1. The detailed target time for the overall design”, “2. The defined target cost for the overall design”, “3. Detailed budget for constructing the building”, “4. Essential design documents for starting the construction activities”, “5. The master schedule and price plan for construction activities”, “6. Records of the conducted simulations and improvements made in the overall design”. This box is positioned directly below the large “Essential Design and Planning” box and spans the width of that central stage. The fifth rectangular box to the right is labeled “Output of Step 7” and contains “1. Constructed building”, “2. Lessons learned during construction”, “3. Measurement and documentation results from the construction phase”. This box is positioned directly below the “Construction” box and aligned with it. The sixth rectangular box is labeled “Output of Step 8” and contains “1. Completed building”, “2. Final project documentation”, “3. Handover documents”. This box is positioned directly below the “Closure and Handover” box and aligned vertically with it. The seventh rectangular box is labeled “Output of Step 9” and contains “1. Commissioning report”, “2. User manuals”, “3. Training documentation for users”. This box is positioned directly below the “Commissioning, User induction” box within the building life cycle stream. The eighth rectangular box is labeled “Output of Step 10” and contains “1. Operational performance data”, “2. Maintenance records”, “3. Monitoring reports”. This box is positioned directly below the “Operation” box and aligned with it. The final rectangular box on the far right is labeled “Output of Step 11” and contains “1. Optimization results”, “2. Renovation plans”, “3. Long-term performance evaluation reports”. This box is positioned directly below the “Maintenance, Optimization and Renovation planning” box and marks the end of the bottom-row outputs.Abstract version of collaborative and life cycle-based project delivery model (CLCPDM) for sustainable building construction