Figure 4
The horizontal axis is labeled “R i plus C j” and ranges from 17 to 20 in increments of 1 unit. The vertical axis is labeled “R i minus C j” and ranges from negative 1 to 1.0 in increments of 0.5 units. The graph consists of vertical and horizontal lines forming a grid. Data points for the thirteen factors are distributed across the graph as follows: F 1 is at (17.81, 0.88), F 2 is at (18.34, 0.07), F 3 (19.8, negative 0.14), F 4 is at (20.1, 0.23), F 5 is at (18.39, 0.21), F 6 is at (18.9, negative 0.7), F 7 is at (17.0, 0.26), F 8 is at (18.55, negative 0.56), F 9 is at (1.58, 0.12), Factor F 10 is at (17.44, 1.07), F 11 is at (1.55, negative 0.51), F 12 is at (17.46, 0.43), and F 13 is at (16.7, negative 0.89). Several blue arrows connect various factors, illustrating the causal flow from one to another. Note: All numerical data values are approximated. The text at the bottom reads “Sources: Authors’ compilation.”Causal relation diagram. Source(s): Authors’ compilation