Figure 3
The flowchart is arranged vertically and divided into three labeled phases shown on the left as “Phase 1”, “Phase 2”, and “Phase 3”, with rectangular process boxes connected by downward and rightward arrows. Phase 1 begins at the top left with a left curly bracket and a left box labeled “Literature review to identify industry 5.0 barriers and criteria to barriers”. A rightward arrow from this box points to a box labeled “Interview with experts to validate barriers”. From the “Interview with experts to validate barriers” box, a downward arrow leads to Phase 2. In phase 2, a rectangle is labeled “Opinion from the case company experts to weight criteria and barriers”, followed by a downward arrow to “Application of Entropy method to weight criteria”. To the right of “Application of Entropy method to weight criteria”, a left curly bracket with a vertical set of boxes is connected by downward arrows: “Step 1: Formulate normalized decision matrix”, then “Step 2: Calculate entropy value”, and then “Step 3: Compute the weight vector”. A downward arrow links the “Step 3: Compute the weight vector” to a left rectangle labeled “Grey relational analysis to rank barriers”. To the right of “Grey relational analysis to rank barriers”, a left curly bracket with a vertical set of boxes is connected by downward arrows: “Step 1: Normalization or data processing”, then “Step 2: Find the deviation sequence”, then “Step 3: Calculate grey relational coefficients”, and finally “Step 4: Calculate grey relational grades to rank barriers”. From “Step 4: Calculate grey relational grades to rank barriers”, a downward arrow leads to Phase 3. In Phase 3, a rectangle labeled “Validation barriers’ rank using best worst method and sensitivity analysis” leads rightward to “Barriers removal action plan”, which then leads downward to “Implications for policymakers and practitioners”. From “Implications for policymakers and practitioners”, a leftward arrow leads to “Inferences and future perspective”.Research methodology