Figure 1
The structural path diagram presents relationships among five constructs and their measured indicators, with directional arrows indicating structural links. The construct “G H R M” is positioned on the upper left. A rightward-pointing arrow from “G H R M” leads directly to “J P I”. A diagonal downward arrow from “G H R M” points to “O A”. Below “G H R M” on the left is the construct “Gender”. A dashed diagonal arrow from “Gender” points towards the diagonal path that leads to “O A”. Below “Gender” is the construct “Educational Qualification”. A dashed diagonal arrow from “Educational Qualification” also points towards the diagonal path that leads to “O A”. The construct “O A” is positioned at the center bottom. From “O A”, five downward arrows point to five rectangular indicators arranged horizontally and labeled from left to right as follows: “O A 1”, “O A 2”, “O A 3”, “O A 4”, and “O A 5”. The construct “J P I” is positioned on the upper right. From “J P I”, five rightward arrows point to five rectangular indicators arranged vertically and labeled from top to bottom as follows: “J P I 1”, “J P I 2”, “J P I 3”, “J P I 4”, and “J P I 5”.Conceptual framework