Figure 5
The illustration contains five vertically stacked line graphs, each spanning the same time axis labeled in seconds across the bottom, ranging from 2.02 to 2.13 with an interval of 0.01. The legends at the top depict eight lines and are labeled in Chinese characters. Top graph (A): The vertical axis is labeled “A” (Amperes), ranging from negative 600 to 600 with an interval of 200. The plot is labeled Motor Phase Current” and presents three wavy lines plotted across the width against a vertical axis. Each trace represents a separate motor phase current. The plot starts at the left with all traces oscillating sinusoidally around zero, then converges toward near-zero amplitude at the center, which is marked by a vertical arrow labeled “Motor Pulse Remain Active”, and continues with smaller oscillations before amplitudes increase again toward the right edge. Second graph (k A): The vertical axis is labeled “A” (Amperes), ranging from 0 to 250 with an interval of 50. The plot labeled “Line Current” presents a line starts at a high value (300) and steadily declines, with a sharp drop labeled “Line Current Mutation”, followed by a flat segment up to 2.10 seconds. Later, the curve rises again to a peak near 2.12 seconds before falling at the end. Third graph (k V): The vertical axis is labeled “k V” (kilovolts), ranging from 1.2 to 1.9 with an interval of 0.1. This plot is labeled “Line or D C Voltage” and tracks two overlapping traces labeled with “Line Voltage Mutation” at an initial dip and following variable waveforms as annotated arrows mark “Voltage and Current recover” during a rise of both traces, indicating recovery in values. Each trace begins at the left with initial current or voltage values, passes through intermediate peaks and valleys, and ends on the right at the final values of 1.7 and 1.9, respectively, at 2.13 seconds. Fourth graph (N m): The vertical axis is labeled “N m” (Newton-meters), ranging from negative 400 to negative 100 with an interval of 100. This plot is labeled “Torque Reference”. The line starts with a high negative value (negative 800) near 0.02 seconds, remains flat for 2.0275 seconds, and sharply rises to zero, remaining flat for the remainder of the plot as indicated by the arrow and annotation “controller immediately reduces the torque to zero”. Bottom graph: The vertical axis is labeled “V” (Volts), ranging from 0.2 to 0.8 with an interval of 0.2. This plot is labeled “Arc Flag”. The line starts with a low value (0.0) near 0.02 seconds, remains flat for 2.0276 seconds, and sharply rises to zero, remaining flat for the remainder of the plot as indicated by the arrow and annotation “Arc Occurrence”. Note: All the numerical data values are approximated.Diagnostic data under pantograph-catenary arcing conditions. Source: Authors’ own work