Figure 2
A conceptual diagram presents the role of technology in developing resilient supply chains during the pandemic, organised around five major application areas. At the centre is the role of technology in developing resilient S Cs. One area is visibility and transparency, which connects to traceability, transparency, visibility, tracking, flexibility, and responsiveness. A second area is information gathering, analysis, and sharing, which includes data generation and storage, communication, information monitoring and asymmetry, data access sharing and analysis, information sharing, information processing, data standardization, information alignment and flow, and information and resource exchange and utilization. A third area is analytical and innovative capability, which includes big data analytics and forecasting, decision making, viability, analytical capability, innovation capability, customization, and automation. A fourth area is automation and efficiency, which covers contract management, performance, inventory management and efficiency, accuracy and precision, fraud and risk management, efficiency and effectiveness, modern and dynamic pricing systems, reduced planning errors, delivery delays and fluctuations, and reduced processing and shipping time. The fifth area is collaboration and integration, which includes connectivity, integration, interoperability, inter-organizational learning, coordination, cooperation, encouragement and support of collaboration, and remote working and virtual interaction. Arrows indicate directional relationships between the central concept and each area, as well as interactions among areas, with dotted lines representing indirect or supporting links.Five major areas of technological application during the pandemic