Figure 5
A conceptual diagram illustrates the relationship between technological progress and supply chain resilience over time. The horizontal axis represents time, while the vertical axis represents industrial standards progressing from the first industrial revolution through the second industrial revolution, third industrial revolution, fourth industrial revolution, and fifth industrial revolution. Two upward sloping lines are shown, one labelled technological progress and the other labelled supply chain progress, both increasing over time, with technological progress rising at a faster rate. Along the lower part of the diagram, key developments in supply chains are listed sequentially, including local and overseas shipping supply, mass production and supply, raw material order time reduction, inventory control, material resource planning, bill of materials optimisation, enterprise resource planning systems, responsiveness to demand planning, cost efficiency and visibility, automation, data sharing and efficiency, real time visibility, collaboration, simulation, scheduling, decision making, security and trust, analytical capability, interconnected supply chains, intelligent supply chains, transparency and trust, multimodality and resilience, sustainability and resilience, and integrated and adaptive capability. A bracket on the right side indicates that the combined increase in technological and supply chain progress leads to higher supply chain resilience.Technological progress and supply chain resilience