Figure 1
The schematic presents a horizontal system layout with dashed control boundaries.On the left, a dashed rectangle labeled “Varying parameters” contains five stacked boxes labeled “Different electrical load profiles”, “Different D H W load profiles”, “Heating elements with different output capacities”, “Batteries with different capacities”, and “Different threshold values”. An arrow labeled “Are integrated into” from the left dashed section points to the central dashed rectangle titled “P V-driven heat pump with energy storage for supplying electricity and D H W to houses”. Inside it, the top box is labeled “Electricity grid” and shows transmission towers. An arrow labeled “P V energy exports” points from the inverter to the grid, and an arrow labeled “Grid energy imports” points from the grid to the inverter. on the left of the center section, a box labeled “P V panels” showing rectangle panel in a tilted position and has an arrow labeled “P V energy” pointing to a box labeled “Inverter”. From the inverter, a downward arrow labeled “Electricity supply” points to a box labeled “House” illustrated with a photo of a modern residential building with a white exterior and greenery around it. At the bottom left of the center section, a box labeled “Heat pump plus water storage tank” is illustrated with a tall cylindrical grey tank and has an arrow labeled “D H W supply” pointing to the “House”. Between the central and right sections, text reads “Hourly energy results are used to calculate,” with an arrow pointing right. On the right, a dashed rectangle labeled “Performance metrics” contains five stacked boxes labeled “Electrical load of the house”, “Amount of imported energy”, “Amount of exported energy”, “P V self-consumption”, and “P V self-sufficiency”. An arrow from the central section to the right is labeled “Hourly energy results are used to calculate”.Research design, flow and parameters. Source: Authors' own work