Figure 1
The diagram illustrates the R L S C within the C I. The process begins with dismantling activities at the E o L phase of facilities. Waste materials are then acquired or collected and transferred to a sorting and segregating stage. From the sorting stage, materials follow two possible pathways: (1) reprocessing at M R F s, or (2) landfilling. Materials sent for reprocessing at M R F s are directed to the secondary market. From the secondary market, materials re-enter the construction process, forming a circular loop. In contrast, materials directed to landfilling exit the circular recovery pathway.RLSC in CI. Source: Authors' own work