Graphical abstract
The schematic presents the concept of foundation construction using sand and Z O T material. Sand is shown linked to a foundation grid. Z O T is shown as a recovered resource used for foundation construction and transported by truck. A check mark indicates suitability for foundation use. An upward arrow indicates increased strength. A downward arrow with C O 2 indicates reduced carbon dioxide. Symbols representing environmental sustainability and stakeholder interest are shown above the Z O T scheme. An arrow from Z O T toward a tailing waste site is marked with a cross symbol. The tailing waste site is labelled waste and marked hazardous with a warning symbol. A legend lists foundation, environmental sustainability, stakeholder interest, resource recovery, tailing waste site, and hazardous.Source: Authors’ own work