Figure 5
The workflow begins with a text box labeled “Requirement Identification”. From “Requirement Identification”, an arrow leads rightward to “Market Research”. From “Market Research”, an arrow leads downward to “Tender Document Preparation”, which further flows to “Internal Approval”, followed by “Tender Issuance”, and then to “Bid Collection”. From “Bid Collection”, an arrow proceeds rightward toward “Bid Opening”. From “Bid Opening”, a downward arrow labeled “F 5” points to “Bid Evaluation”. From “Bid Evaluation”, two arrows extend downward. The first arrow labeled “False” points to a text box labeled “Consider re-tendering or negotiation with suppliers”. The second arrow labeled “True” extends downward into “Negotiation and Supplier Selection”. From “Negotiation and Supplier Selection”, a decision point splits into “False” on the left and “True” on the right. The “False” branch points to “May need to negotiate with alternative suppliers”, and the “True” branch leads to “Contract Signing”, marked with the label “F 4”. To the left of “Contract Signing”, the process continues to “Purchase Order Generation”. From “Purchase Order Generation”, a downward arrow arises and points to “Order Confirmation”. From “Order Confirmation”, a decision point splits into an arrow labeled “F 1” for “False” on the top and “True” on the bottom. The “False” branch points to “Return to negotiations”. From “Return to negotiations”, a dashed arrow arises and points back to “Negotiation and Supplier Selection”. The “True” branch continues downward into “Production Monitoring”, marked with the red label “F 2”. On the right side of “F 2”, four curved arrows are shown arranged in a circular pattern. From “Production Monitoring”, a decision point splits into “False” on the left and “True” on the right. The “False” branch points to “Record delays and take necessary actions”. From the “True” branch, a rightward arrow labeled “F 10” extends and turns upward, and the arrow is labeled “F 8” before connecting to the text box labeled “Logistics Arrangement”. From “Logistics Arrangement”, a decision point splits into “False” on the left and “True” on the right. The “False” branch points to “Address logistics issues”. The “True” branch leads to a box labeled “Transportation Tracking”, with the label “F 7” shown on the right. From “Transportation Tracking”, a decision point splits into an arrow labeled “F 6” for “False” on the top and “True” on the bottom. The “False” branch points to “Address transportation issues”. From “Address transportation issues”, a double-headed dashed arrow points back to “Address logistics issues”. The “True” branch points into “Receipt and Inspection”. From “Receipt and Inspection”, a decision point splits into “True” on the left and “False” on the right, with the label “F 11”. The “False” branch leads to “Record discrepancies and communicate corrective actions”. From “Record discrepancies and communicate corrective actions”, a dashed arrow extends and points back to “Logistics Arrangement”. The “True” branch points to “Payment Processing”. From “Payment Processing”, a decision point splits into “True” on the left and “False” on the right. The “False” branch leads to “Resolve issues”. From “Resolve issues”, an arrow extends downward to “Performance Evaluation”. The “True” branch labeled “F 3” points to “Performance Evaluation”. From “Performance Evaluation”, a decision point splits into “True” on the left and “False” on the right. The “False” branch leads to “Document performance issues”. The “True” branch labeled “F 9” points to “Reporting and Analysis”. From “Reporting and Analysis”, a branch extends downward and points to “Continuous Improvement”, and labeled “F 12”.Incorporating blockchain to implement just-in-time in the CSC process