Figure 1.
A flow diagram shows the identification and screening process from 655 records identified to 203 studies included, with exclusions and removal counts at each stage.The vertical flow diagram is divided into Identification, Screening, and Included along the left side. The first box states Records identified from Scopus: Databases with n equals 655. A right-side box states Records removed before screening: Duplicate records removed with n equals 0, Records marked as ineligible by automation tools with n equals 0, and Records removed for other reasons with n equals 0. The next box states Records screened with n equals 329. A right-side box states Records excluded with n equals 105, Publication stage: Final, Document Type: Conference papers, Bok reviews. The next box states Reports sought for retrieval with n equals 224. A right-side box states Reports not retrieved Based on abstract title words with n equals 5. The next box states Reports assessed for eligibility with n equals 219. A right-side box states Reports excluded: Unavailable text with n equals 16. The final box states Studies included in review with n equals 203. Arrows connect each box from top to bottom and to the corresponding right-side boxes.

PRISMA flow diagram of the research design process

Source: Authors’ own work

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