Figure 2
A photograph shows colorful canal-side townhouses reflected in rippling water at dusk.The photograph shows a row of narrow, multi-story historic townhouses lined up along a canal, viewed straight on from across the water. The buildings vary in color and facade style, including dark brown, gray, patterned black-and-white, tan, red, black, and cream exteriors, each with tall rectangular windows arranged in vertical rows. Many windows are lit from inside, casting warm yellow and orange light. A small white boat rests against the canal wall beneath one of the darker buildings near the center-right. The canal occupies the lower half of the image, with gentle ripples reflecting the illuminated windows and building colors. The sky above is pale blue, suggesting early evening. Decorative rooflines and gables top several buildings, and the tightly packed structures create a continuous waterfront streetscape.

Amsterdam City Centre. The 450-year-old canal houses in Amsterdam’s UNESCO World Heritage center exemplify how adaptability leads to a slower turnover of materials, thereby contributing to sustainability. Source: Photo courtesy of pexels.com (copyrightfree use)

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