Figure 1.
The visual presents two bar graphs side by side, titled Europe on the left and Northern Italy on the right. Each graph shows the share of towns with self government by 1200. The Y-axis ranges from 0 to 1, indicating the proportion of towns. Each graph contains two bars, one representing towns with no letter and the other representing towns with letter. The data is arranged vertically, flowing from bottom to top for each category within the respective regions. Both graphs are structured to allow comparison of self government shares between Europe and Northern Italy.Papal letters and urban self-government in 1200
Note(s): The figure shows the difference in political autonomy in 1200 between towns that received at least one letter from Gregory and towns that received no letter. In both the sample of European towns from Bosker et al. (2013) and in the sample of Italian towns from Belloc et al. (2016), towns that received a letter were more than twice as likely to experience an early transition to self-government in comparison with nonletter towns. No town in either sample achieved self-government prior to the reign of Gregory. The data is presented later in the paper